Overview
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic (long-lasting) condition that causes the immune system to mistakenly attack the joints. This leads to inflammation, pain, swelling, and stiffness. RA most often affects the small joints of the hands, wrists, and feet, but it can also involve larger joints and sometimes other parts of the body.
Unlike osteoarthritis (the “wear-and-tear” type), RA is an autoimmune disease and can occur at any age. In older adults, symptoms may come on more gradually and can sometimes be mistaken for other joint problems.
Risk Factors
- Older age
- Female
- Family history of RA
- Smoking
- Obesity
Symptoms
- Joint pain and swelling
- Joint stiffness that is worse in the first few hours of the day and gets better as the day goes on
- Typically affects the small joints first (fingers, wrists, balls of the feet)
- Usually affects both sides of the body
- Fatigue
How is RA diagnosed?
- Medical history, physical exam
- Bloodwork, xrays
- Ultrasound, MRI may be indicated
Assessment Prior to Treatment
- Bloodwork
- Xrays
- Hepatitis B and C screening before starting DMARDs
- Cardiovascular risk assessment
- Fracture risk assessment
- Additional assessment may be indicated for some, like: chest xray, eye screening, tuberculosis screening, lipid screening
Treatment
- Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
- NSAIDs
- Glucocorticoids
- Physical therapy, occupational therapy
- Surgery may be indicated for some
Management
- RA may be managed by a rheumatologist
- Stay up to date on all age-appropriate immunizations. Talk with your healthcare provider about what is recommended for you.
- Stay Active: Gentle exercises like walking, swimming, and stretching can keep joints flexible
- Balance Rest and Movement: Rest when joints are inflamed, but avoid long periods of inactivity
- Healthy Eating: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish) may help reduce inflammation
- Protect Your Joints: Use supportive devices, take breaks when lifting or carrying, and maintain good posture
- Stay Connected: Emotional support from friends, family, or arthritis support groups can improve quality of life
This content was created with the assistance of AI. Any AI-generated content was reviewed by a Nurse Practitioner.