Weight Loss Medications

Why Weight Loss Medications May Be Discussed

As we age, weight management can become more difficult due to:

• Slower metabolism
• Loss of muscle mass
• Reduced physical activity
• Chronic medical conditions
• Certain medications that promote weight gain

For some adults, lifestyle changes alone (nutrition and physical activity) may not lead to meaningful weight loss. In these cases, weight loss medications may be discussed as one tool, alongside healthy eating and movement — not a replacement for them.

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What Are Weight Loss Medications?

Weight loss medications are prescription medications approved to help people lose weight by affecting:

• Appetite
• Hunger signals in the brain
• Feelings of fullness
• Blood sugar regulation
• How the body stores or absorbs fat

They are usually prescribed for adults with:

• Obesity, or
• Overweight with weight-related conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease

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Common Types of Weight Loss Medications

1. Appetite-Regulating Medications

These medications work on the brain to:

• Reduce hunger
• Increase feelings of fullness
• Decrease food cravings

Things to know for adults:

• May affect heart rate or blood pressure
• Can interact with antidepressants or other neurologic medications
• Often not the first choice for adults with heart conditions

2. Hormone-Based Medications

(Some newer medications fall into this category)

These medications mimic natural hormones involved in:

• Appetite regulation
• Blood sugar control
• Slowing gastric emptying so you feel full longer

Potential benefits:

• Reduced appetite
• Improved blood sugar levels
• Gradual, steady weight loss

Important considerations for seniors:

• May cause gastrointestinal-related side effects
• Require close monitoring if you have diabetes
• Adequate protein intake is important to prevent muscle loss
• May regain weight after stopping medication

3. Fat Absorption Medications

These medications reduce how much dietary fat is absorbed by the intestines.

Key points:

• Weight loss is usually modest
• Can cause digestive side effects
• May interfere with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)

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Common Side Effects

Side effects vary depending on the medication but may include:

Digestive Side Effects 

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Bloating or gas

These often improve over time but can be bothersome.

Neurologic or Energy-Related Effects

• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Headaches
• Sleep changes

Cardiovascular Effects (Medication-Specific)

• Increased heart rate
• Changes in blood pressure

This is especially important for adults with:

• Heart disease
• History of stroke
• Irregular heart rhythms

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Are Side Effects Long-Term?

• Many side effects are temporary, especially nausea or digestive symptoms during the first few weeks.
• Some side effects may persist if the medication is not well tolerated.
• Long-term safety depends on:
  • The specific medication
  • Existing medical conditions
  • Duration of use
  • Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider

If side effects occur, the medication may need to be adjusted or stopped. Call your healthcare provider to report all side effects. Consult with your healthcare provider prior to making any medication changes.

Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.  

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How Weight Loss Medications Can Affect the Body as a Whole

Muscle Mass

• Weight loss can include loss of muscle, which is especially concerning for adults 60+
• Adequate protein intake and strength-based movement are critical. Discuss your specific needs with your healthcare provider.

Nutrition & Hydration

• Reduced appetite can lead to:
  • Low protein intake
  • Vitamin or mineral deficiencies
  • Dehydration

Older adults should be monitored for:

• Unintended under-eating
• Weakness or fatigue

Blood Sugar

• Some medications can lower blood sugar, which may be helpful — but can also increase the risk of low blood sugar in certain individuals
• Diabetes medications may need adjustment

Bone Health

• Rapid weight loss may impact bone density
• Calcium, vitamin D, and resistance exercise are important

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Important Safety Considerations for Seniors

Weight loss medications may not be appropriate for everyone.

Extra caution is needed if you have:

• Heart disease
• Kidney disease
• Liver disease
• History of pancreatitis
• Gastrointestinal disorders
• Difficulty maintaining adequate nutrition

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Key Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Provider

• Is this medication safe for my age and medical history?
• What side effects should I watch for?
• How will this medication interact with my current medications?
• How can I protect my muscle mass while losing weight?
• How long is this medication typically used?
• How often will I need follow-up or lab monitoring?

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Key Takeaways

• Weight loss medications can be helpful tools, but they are not risk-free
• Older adults may experience side effects more strongly
• Long-term success depends on:
  • Nutrition quality
  • Protein intake
  • Strength and balance activities
  • Ongoing medical monitoring

Any decision to use weight loss medication should be individualized and made in partnership with a healthcare provider.

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Medical Disclaimer

This educational material is provided for informational and educational purposes only and is not intended to serve as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The information contained in this guide should not be used as a substitute for consultation with a licensed healthcare professional.

Weight loss medications affect individuals differently, particularly adults age 60 and older. Factors such as existing medical conditions, prescription and over-the-counter medications, nutritional status, functional ability, and overall health may influence whether a medication is safe or appropriate. Only a qualified healthcare provider who is familiar with your personal medical history can determine whether a weight loss medication is suitable for you.

This guide does not recommend, endorse, or promote any specific medication, therapy, or treatment plan. Medication information included may not apply to all individuals and may change over time as new research, safety data, or regulatory guidance becomes available.

Do not start, stop, adjust, or change any medication — including weight loss medications, diabetes medications, blood pressure medications, or supplements — without first consulting your healthcare provider. Sudden changes in medication may result in serious health risks, including but not limited to changes in blood sugar, blood pressure, hydration status, muscle mass, nutritional deficiencies, or gastrointestinal complications.

If you experience new or worsening symptoms such as persistent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness, changes in appetite, difficulty eating, dehydration, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, or any other concerning symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.

The authors and distributors of this material assume no responsibility or liability for any outcomes resulting from the use or misuse of the information contained herein. Reliance on any information provided in this guide is solely at your own discretion and risk.

For personalized medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, please consult your primary care provider, specialist, or pharmacist.