Eating Well While on Dialysis

Nutrition is an important part of dialysis treatment.

Because dialysis helps remove waste and fluid that the kidneys can no longer clear on their own, what you eat and drink directly affects how well your body feels between treatments.

Following a kidney-friendly eating plan can help prevent:

• Fluid overload
• High potassium levels
• Bone problems
• Muscle loss
• Fatigue

Your renal dietitian is your best partner in creating a plan that works for you. Always consult with your healthcare provider or renal dietician first before making any significant dietary changes.

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Nutrition Goals on Dialysis

Most people on dialysis are asked to:

✔ Get enough protein
✔ Limit potassium
✔ Limit phosphorus
✔ Reduce sodium
✔ Manage fluid intake

These needs are often different from earlier stages of kidney disease.

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Lower-Potassium & Lower-Phosphorus Foods to Focus On

Fruits

These are generally safer choices:

• Apples
• Berries
• Grapes
• Pineapple
• Watermelon
• Peaches
• Cherries
• Cranberries

Vegetables

• Cauliflower
• Green beans
• Cucumbers
• Carrots
• Cabbage
• Peppers
• Lettuce
• Summer squash

Grain & Carbohydrate Options

These tend to be lower in potassium and phosphorus:

• White rice
• White bread
• Tortillas
• English muffins
• Cream of wheat
• Rice or corn cereals
• Unsalted popcorn

Whole grains may need to be limited because they contain more phosphorus.

Protein: Eat Enough

Dialysis removes protein — so you often need more than before.

Good protein options:

• Eggs or egg whites
• Fish
• Chicken
• Lean pork
• Lean beef
• Egg white protein supplements (if recommended)

Protein helps maintain:

✔ Muscle strength
✔ Energy
✔ Healing

Dairy (Limit Portions)

Dairy contains phosphorus.

Typical daily guidance may include:

• ½ cup milk,
• ½ cup yogurt, OR
• 1 oz cheese

Your dietitian may adjust this.

Flavor Without Salt

Instead of salt, try:

• Herbs
• Spices
• Garlic
• Lemon juice

Low-sodium seasoning helps prevent fluid buildup

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Foods to Limit

Some foods are naturally higher in potassium or phosphorus.

Fruits to Limit

• Bananas
• Oranges
• Avocados
• Kiwis
• Prunes
• Raisins

Vegetables to Limit

• Spinach
• Potatoes
• Tomatoes
• Winter squash
• Beets
• Asparagus

Grains to Limit

• Bran cereals
• Granola
• Brown rice
• Wild rice
• Whole grain breads
• Oatmeal

Important Note

Avoid:

🚫 Salt substitutes

Many contain potassium and may be unsafe for dialysis patients

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Managing Fluids

Some dialysis patients are asked to limit fluids to prevent:

• Swelling
• Shortness of breath
• Strain on the heart

Helpful tips to manage thirst:

✔ Chew gum
✔ Rinse your mouth
✔ Suck on ice chips
✔ Use mints or hard candy (limit if diabetic)

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Additional Helpful Tips

✔ Eat regular meals
✔ Avoid skipping meals
✔ Choose fresh foods over processed
✔ Follow lab results closely
✔ Take phosphorus binders if prescribed

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Food Safety Reminder

Avoid raw or undercooked meats, seafood, eggs, or unpasteurized products to reduce infection risk.

Always consider known food allergies when choosing foods.

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When to Contact Your Care Team

Speak with your provider or dietitian if you notice:

• Poor appetite
• Weight loss
• Nausea
• Increased swelling
• Fatigue
• Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.  

Your plan may need to be adjusted.

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Medical Disclaimer

This resource is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Nutrition needs for individuals on dialysis vary based on lab results, treatment type, medications, and overall health status. Always consult your physician, nephrologist, or registered dietitian before making dietary changes. Call 911 if you are experiencing a medical emergency.