Managing IBD Flares & Symptoms

Living with IBD: Common Concerns

If you have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it’s normal to wonder:

• Will my symptoms return?
• What should I do if they do?
• How can I stay independent and comfortable?

Even with treatment, most people with IBD experience periods when symptoms become active again. These are called flares.

This guide can help you recognize, respond to, and manage flares safely.

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What Is a Flare?

A flare is when inflammation becomes active again.

Common symptoms may include:

• Frequent or urgent bowel movements
• Diarrhea
• Blood in stool
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Fatigue
• Weight loss

Some people may also notice:

• Joint pain
• Skin changes
• Eye irritation
• Loss of appetite

IBD often cycles between:

✔ Remission (few or no symptoms)
✔ Active disease (flare)

The goal of treatment is to stay in remission as long as possible.

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What Can Trigger a Flare?

Sometimes flares happen without a clear cause.
However, common triggers include:

• Missing medications
• Taking incorrect doses
• Certain pain medications (NSAIDs like ibuprofen)
• Antibiotics
• Smoking
• Emotional stress
• Certain foods

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Medication Matters

Many people feel better and stop medications — but this can increase flare risk.

Always:

✔ Take medications as prescribed
✔ Talk to your provider before stopping
✔ Report side effects

If you miss doses or symptoms return, contact your provider before adjusting anything on your own.

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Pain Relief Considerations (Age 65+)

Some over-the-counter medications can worsen inflammation.

Avoid:

• Ibuprofen
• Naproxen
• Aspirin (unless directed)

Your provider may recommend acetaminophen instead for mild pain. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new medications, including over-the-counter products.

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Nutrition During a Flare

Diet does not cause IBD — but food can affect symptoms.

During a flare, many people tolerate:

• Soft, cooked foods
• Low-fiber options
• Smaller meals

Helpful strategies:

✔ Eat smaller portions more often
✔ Choose well-cooked fruits and vegetables
✔ Avoid greasy or fried foods
✔ Limit gas-producing foods (beans, broccoli, cabbage)
✔ Stay hydrated

Keeping a simple food log may help identify personal triggers.

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Managing Fatigue

Fatigue is common during flares.

To conserve energy:

• Plan activities around your strongest time of day
• Rest before and after outings
• Break tasks into smaller steps
• Discuss vitamin levels with your provider

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Stress & Emotional Health

Stress does not cause IBD — but it can worsen symptoms.

Helpful tools:

• Relaxation breathing
• Gentle exercise (like walking)
• Meditation
• Support groups
• Counseling

Finding support can make living with IBD easier.

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Managing Discomfort

When symptoms are active:

• Use gentle cleansing methods after bowel movements
• Consider warm sitz baths for soreness
• Moist wipes may reduce irritation
• Skin protectants may help prevent breakdown

Always consult your provider before using medications for diarrhea or pain.

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Staying Prepared

Many people feel more confident having:

✔ Spare clothing
✔ Wipes
✔ Medication list
✔ Emergency contact information

Planning ahead can reduce anxiety when leaving home.

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Monitoring Your Health

Contact your provider if you notice:

• Increased bleeding
• Severe pain
• Persistent diarrhea
• Fever
• Sudden weight loss
• Trouble staying hydrated

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When to Seek Urgent Care

Get immediate medical attention for:

• Severe dehydration
• Continuous vomiting
• High fever
• Heavy rectal bleeding
• Severe abdominal pain
• Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.  

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Building Your Support Network

Helpful support may include:

• Family or friends
• Caregivers
• Healthcare providers
• Support groups

IBD affects both physical and emotional health — you do not have to manage it alone.

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Key Takeaway

IBD flares are manageable.

Early recognition, consistent medication use, proper nutrition, and open communication with your healthcare provider can help maintain independence and quality of life.

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Medical Disclaimer

This resource is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Management of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis varies based on individual health status, age, medications, and disease severity. Always consult your physician or qualified healthcare provider before making changes to your treatment, diet, or medications. Do not delay seeking medical care based on the information provided in this guide. Call 911 if you are experiencing a medical emergency.

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Sources:

• https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/Managing-flares.pdf