Nutrition Support for People with IBD Who Are Underweight
Why Weight Loss Can Happen with IBD
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, can make it harder for your body to maintain a healthy weight.
You may lose weight because of:
- Decreased appetite
- Pain or discomfort when eating
- Poor absorption of nutrients
- Frequent diarrhea
- Increased energy needs during inflammation
If you are underweight, improving your nutrition can help:
- Increase energy levels
- Maintain muscle strength
- Support healing
- Improve overall quality of life
Focus on Nourishing Your Body
When gaining or maintaining weight with IBD, the goal is to get enough calories and nutrients in a way your body can tolerate.
Choose Nutrient-Dense Foods
Instead of eating large portions, focus on foods that provide more nutrition in smaller amounts:
- Eggs
- Smooth nut butters (peanut, cashew)
- Avocado
- Yogurt or cottage cheese (if dairy is tolerated)
- Oatmeal
- Rice, pasta, and potatoes
- Soft fruits (bananas, applesauce)
- Cooked vegetables
Eat Small, Frequent Meals
Large meals can sometimes feel overwhelming or worsen symptoms.
Try:
- Eating 5–6 smaller meals or snacks per day
- Eating every 2–3 hours if possible
- Keeping easy-to-eat snacks available
Add Calories Without Adding Volume
If your appetite is low, small changes can help increase calories without making meals feel too big.
Examples:
- Add olive oil or butter to foods
- Stir peanut butter into oatmeal or smoothies
- Add cheese to eggs, potatoes, or vegetables
- Use whole milk or cream in recipes (if tolerated)
Stay Hydrated (Without Filling Up Too Fast)
Fluids are important, especially if you have diarrhea.
Helpful tips:
- Sip fluids throughout the day instead of drinking large amounts at once
- Avoid filling up on liquids right before meals
- Consider beverages with calories (like milk or smoothies) if tolerated
Pay Attention to Food Tolerance
IBD symptoms can vary from person to person.
You may find it helpful to:
- Notice, and keep track of, which foods feel easier or harder to digest
- Choose softer, lower-fiber foods during flare-ups
- Reintroduce foods slowly when symptoms improve
Support Muscle Strength
When underweight, it’s important to maintain muscle, not just body weight.
Include protein foods regularly:
- Eggs
- Poultry or fish
- Dairy products
- Beans or lentils (if tolerated)
- Protein-rich snacks
Consider Easy-to-Digest Options During Flares
When symptoms are more active, simpler foods may feel better.
Some people tolerate:
- White rice or pasta
- Bananas
- Applesauce
- Toast
- Plain chicken or fish
- Broths and soups
When to Ask for Additional Support
Talk with your healthcare provider if you:
- Continue losing weight unintentionally
- Have difficulty eating enough
- Feel weak, fatigued, or dehydrated
- Are unsure what foods are safe for you
- Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.
Your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian can help create a plan that works for your specific needs.
Gentle Reminders
- Focus on consistency, not perfection
- Even small increases in intake can make a difference over time
- Nutritional needs for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can vary significantly based on disease activity, medications, and overall health status. This information provides general guidance and should not be used as a personalized nutrition plan. Always consult your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian before making changes to your diet, especially if you are underweight, experiencing ongoing symptoms, or have additional medical conditions.
⚠️ Medical Disclaimer
This resource is provided for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The information presented is general in nature and may not apply to every individual or health situation.
Individuals should consult their physician or other qualified healthcare professional for personalized medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations related to their specific health conditions and should not begin any new exercise program or change their diet or medications without consulting their healthcare professional.
Call 911 if you are experiencing a medical emergency.