Understanding C. diff Infection: A Patient & Family Guide for Older Adults

What is C. diff?

Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) is a type of bacteria that can cause infection in the colon (large intestine).

It most often develops after:

Taking antibiotics
Being in a hospital or healthcare setting
Having a weakened immune system

Antibiotics can disrupt your healthy gut bacteria. When this happens, C. diff can grow too much and release toxins that irritate and damage the colon.

Why Older Adults Are at Higher Risk

Adults over 65 are more likely to get C. diff because:

The immune system changes with age
Antibiotic use is more common
Hospital stays are more frequent
Chronic conditions may weaken the body

Common Symptoms

Symptoms can range from mild to severe.

Early Symptoms

Watery diarrhea (3 or more times daily)
Stomach cramping
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Low-grade fever

More Serious Symptoms

Severe abdominal pain
Blood or mucus in stool
Fever
Dehydration
Fatigue

Some people can become very ill if the infection worsens and causes inflammation of the colon (colitis).

How C. diff Spreads

C. diff spreads through spores — tiny germs that live on surfaces.

You may get infected by touching:

Bathroom surfaces
Bedrails
Clothing or linens
Doorknobs, or
Medical equipment, and

then touching your mouth without washing your hands.

Important:
➡️ Alcohol-based hand sanitizer does NOT kill C. diff spores.
➡️ Soap and water work best.

Possible Complications

If untreated, C. diff can lead to:

Severe dehydration
Kidney problems
Colon inflammation (colitis)
Sepsis (life-threatening infection)

Some people also experience repeat infections — about 1 in 4 people may have recurrence.

When to Call Your Doctor

Contact your healthcare provider if you have:

Frequent watery diarrhea
Fever
Severe stomach pain
Signs of dehydration:
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Dark urine

Seek urgent care if you notice:

Blood in stool
Confusion
Severe weakness
Ongoing vomiting

Make sure to ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.

Treatment Options

C. diff is usually treated with:

Special antibiotics that target the infection
Stopping the antibiotic that caused the infection (if possible)

For repeat infections, doctors may recommend:

Additional treatments
Procedures to restore healthy gut bacteria (such as microbiome-based therapies)

Preventing the Spread at Home

Handwashing

Wash hands with soap and water:

After using the bathroom
Before eating
After caring for someone sick

Cleaning Surfaces

Use bleach-based cleaners to disinfect:

Toilets
Bathroom sinks
Light switches
Doorknobs

Regular cleaning helps reduce spread of spores.

Laundry Safety

Wash:

Towels
Bed sheets
Clothing

Separately in hot water when possible.

Preventing Recurrence

After recovery:

✔ Tell future healthcare providers you’ve had C. diff
✔ Avoid unnecessary antibiotics
✔ Continue good hand hygiene
✔ Clean frequently touched surfaces

Preventing re-exposure is key to avoiding repeat infection.

Nutrition & Hydration During Recovery

Focus on:

Staying hydrated (water, broths)
Eating small, gentle meals
Avoiding foods that worsen diarrhea

Some people may benefit from:

Low-fiber foods during recovery
Gradually reintroducing your typical diet

Always follow your care team’s guidance.

Supporting Recovery

Healing takes time.

Helpful steps include:

Rest
Gentle activity as tolerated
Following medication instructions carefully
Staying hydrated

Some people may have lingering digestive symptoms after infection.

Medical Disclaimer

This resource is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from your healthcare provider. Always consult your physician or qualified healthcare professional regarding any symptoms, medical condition, or treatment decisions. If you experience severe symptoms such as persistent diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal pain, or confusion, seek medical attention promptly. Call 911 if you are experiencing a medical emergency.

Sources:

This handout is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions.

This content was created with the assistance of AI. Any AI-generated content was reviewed by a Nurse Practitioner.