Understanding Your Blood Sugar Numbers
A simple guide for older adults
Keeping track of your blood sugar (glucose) helps you and your healthcare team understand how well your diabetes is being managed. Your personal targets may be different based on your age, medications, overall health, and risk of low blood sugar.
This guide explains common glucose ranges in an easy-to-understand way.
Fasting Blood Sugar
(Checked first thing in the morning before eating or drinking)
Typical ranges:
- People without diabetes: 70–99 mg/dL
- Many adults with diabetes: 80–130 mg/dL
A fasting number higher than your target may mean your body is having trouble controlling blood sugar overnight.
Blood Sugar 2 Hours After Meals
(Measured about 2 hours after you start eating)
Typical ranges:
- People without diabetes: Less than 140 mg/dL
- Many adults with diabetes: Less than 180 mg/dL
After meals, blood sugar naturally rises. The goal is to prevent it from rising too high or staying elevated for too long.
A1C (Average Blood Sugar Over Time)
The A1C test reflects your average blood sugar over the past 2–3 months.
Typical ranges:
- People without diabetes: Below 5.7%
- Many adults with diabetes: 0% or lower
For some older adults, a slightly higher A1C goal may be safer — especially if there is a risk of low blood sugar, falls, or other health conditions.
Why Targets May Be Different for Older Adults
Your healthcare provider may adjust your goals based on:
- Risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
- History of falls or dizziness
- Memory concerns
- Kidney or heart conditions
- Medications you take
- Overall quality of life
Lower is not always better. Safety and consistency matter most.
When to Call Your Healthcare Provider
Contact your provider if you notice:
- Frequent blood sugar readings above your target
- Repeated low blood sugar readings
- New symptoms such as shakiness, confusion, sweating, or weakness
- Trouble managing your numbers despite following your care plan
- Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.
Key Takeaways
- Blood sugar targets vary from person to person
- Fasting, after-meal, and A1C numbers all provide different information
- Your personal goals should balance good control and safety
- Always follow the plan created with your healthcare provider
⚠️ Medical Disclaimer
This resource is provided for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The information presented is general in nature and may not apply to every individual or health situation.
Individuals should consult their physician or other qualified healthcare professional for personalized medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations related to their specific health conditions and should not begin any new exercise program or change their diet or medications without consulting their healthcare professional.
Call 911 if you are experiencing a medical emergency.