Varicose Veins

Overview

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that most often appear in the legs and feet. They occur when the valves inside the veins—responsible for keeping blood flowing toward the heart—become weak or damaged, causing blood to pool.

They are common, especially as we age, and while often more of a cosmetic concern, they can sometimes cause discomfort, signal an underlying circulation issue, or lead to serious health problems.

Common Symptoms

• Dark purple or blue veins visible under the skin
• Veins that look bulging or rope-like
• Aching, throbbing, or heaviness in the legs
• Swelling in the lower legs or ankles
• Itching or burning around affected veins
• Symptoms that worsen after standing or sitting for long periods

Risk Factors

• Age
• Female
• Multiple pregnancies
• Family history
• Prolonged sitting or standing
• Obesity
• Previous leg injury or blood clot

Treatment Options

• Vein surgery – vein stripping, ambulatory phlebectomy
• Ablation therapy
• Sclerotherapy
• Compression stockings

Lifestyle Modifications

• Wear comfortable shoes (avoid high heels for long periods)
• Change positions often if standing or sitting for prolonged periods
• Stay adequately hydrated
• Keep skin moisturized to prevent irritation
• Monitor for skin changes, sores, or sudden swelling
• Smoking cessation
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Physical activity – discuss with your healthcare provider what is recommended for you

Talking Points for Your Healthcare Provider:

• When discussing varicose veins with your healthcare provider, you may want to ask:
  • Are my varicose veins just a cosmetic concern, or do they signal a bigger issue?
  • What lifestyle changes would help my circulation?
  • Would compression stockings be right for me?
  • What are the pros and cons of treatment options available for my age and health?
  • How can I reduce discomfort and swelling day-to-day?
  • Are there any warning signs I should watch for that require urgent attention?

When to Seek Immediate Care

• Sudden, severe swelling or pain in one leg
• Warmth, redness, or tenderness along a vein (possible blood clot)
• Open sores near varicose veins
• Ask your healthcare provider for any guidance they may have on when you should seek emergency care
• Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care. 

Medical Disclaimer

This resource is provided for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The information presented is general in nature and may not apply to every individual or health situation.

Individuals should consult their physician or another qualified healthcare professional for personalized medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations related to their specific health conditions.

Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice because of information contained in this resource.

Call 911 if you are experiencing a medical emergency. 

Sources:

• https://www.uptodate.com/contents/varicose-veins-and-other-vein-disease-in-the-legs-the-basics?search=varicose%20veins&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~55&usage_type=default&display_rank=3

• https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/varicose-veins

• https://vascular.org/your-vascular-health/vascular-conditions/common-conditions/varicose-veins#resource-185

• https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-treating-symptomatic-superficial-venous-insufficiency?search=varicose%20veins&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~55&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H3373335081