Vegetarian Eating for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A Patient Guide
A well-planned vegetarian diet can support kidney health and provide the nutrients your body needs — even when you’re managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether you include dairy and eggs or follow a more plant-focused approach, your meals can be adjusted to help protect your kidneys, manage symptoms, and support overall wellness.
People with CKD often need to monitor protein, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, and fluid intake. Your healthcare provider and dietitian will guide you on the levels that are right for you.
Why Vegetarian Eating Can Be Helpful for CKD
Research suggests that plant-forward diets may:
- Reduce strain on the kidneys
- Support heart health
- Improve blood pressure and cholesterol
- Reduce protein loss in urine
- Slow progression of CKD for some patients
There is no single eating plan that works for everyone. Your kidney care plan will be individualized based on labs, symptoms, and your stage of CKD.
Nutrients to Pay Special Attention To
Protein
Most people with CKD need to be mindful of the amount and type of protein they eat.
Plant proteins can be easier on the kidneys, but portion control is still important.
Best Vegetarian Protein Options
Choose a mix of the following “kidney-friendly” plant proteins:
Lower Phosphorus Protein Sources
- Eggs or egg whites
- Cottage cheese (low sodium)
- Meat alternatives low in phosphorus additives (e.g., simple veggie patties)
- Seitan (wheat gluten)
- Unsalted natto or fermented soy products
- Tofu
Higher Phosphorus Protein Sources (limit or avoid if instructed by your provider)
- Cheese
- Cooked dried beans and peas
- Edamame
- Milk and yogurt
- Nut butters
- Soy milk
- Unsalted nuts
Tip: Many packaged vegetarian products contain added phosphates. Always read ingredient labels and choose items without phosphate additives when possible.
Phosphorus
Your kidneys help remove phosphorus, but when kidney function declines, phosphorus can build up and weaken bones or cause itching.
Foods High in Phosphorus to Limit
- Milk, yogurt, cheese
- Nuts and seeds
- Dried beans and lentils
- Dark sodas
- Packaged foods containing “phos-” additives
Better Choices
- Fresh fruits and vegetables
- Rice milk (unenriched)
- Non-dairy creamers without phosphate additives
- Homemade soups and meals without processed ingredients
Potassium
Some vegetarian foods are naturally high in potassium. Your provider will let you know whether to limit or include these foods based on your lab results.
Examples of High-Potassium Vegetables
- Avocado
- Beets
- Brussels sprouts
- Greens (collard, beet, chard)
- Potatoes and sweet potatoes
- Pumpkin
- Spinach
- Tomato products
- Winter squash
Examples of High-Potassium Fruits
- Apricots
- Bananas
- Honeydew melon
- Nectarines
- Oranges & orange juice
- Prune juice
- Tomatoes
If you have high potassium levels, your dietitian can guide you on portions and preparation strategies (such as boiling vegetables).
Sodium
Vegetarian foods can still contain a lot of sodium — especially packaged or convenience options.
Examples of High-Sodium Vegetarian Foods
- Frozen vegetarian meals
- Canned soups and canned beans (unless rinsed well)
- Canned vegetables with added salt
- Meat substitutes (veggie burgers, tofu hot dogs)
- Seasoned sauces (soy sauce, teriyaki, miso)
- Snack foods like salted nuts, chips, crackers
Better Choices
- Fresh or frozen vegetables
- Homemade soups using no-salt-added ingredients
- Low-sodium beans (rinsed well)
- Herbs, spices, lemon juice, and vinegar for flavor
Fluids
Fluid intake varies by CKD stage. Some people do not need to restrict fluids early in CKD, but those with advanced disease may be instructed to limit liquid intake.
Fluids include:
Water, tea, coffee, juice, ice cream, gelatin, sherbet, broth, and any liquid at room temperature.
Always follow your healthcare team’s guidance on fluid targets.
Vitamins and Minerals
Vegetarian diets can be nutrient-rich, but people with CKD may need supplements — especially if restricting protein, potassium, or phosphorus.
Your provider or dietitian may recommend:
- A renal-specific multivitamin
- Vitamin B12
- Iron (if levels are low)
- Calcium or Vitamin D (only if prescribed)
Do not start supplements without checking with your provider, as some can worsen kidney function.
Putting It All Together: Tips for Success
- Include more fresh, whole foods and fewer packaged items.
- Balance meals with plant proteins, vegetables, whole grains (as allowed), and healthy fats.
- Read ingredient labels to avoid phosphate additives and high-sodium foods.
- Work closely with your registered dietitian to adjust your plan as your kidney function or labs change.
Medical Disclaimer
This educational resource is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider or registered dietitian before making changes to your diet, fluid intake, or supplement use, especially if you have chronic kidney disease or other medical conditions.
The information provided in this resource is for general educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Individual needs vary based on medical history, medications, allergies, and overall health status.
Before making any changes to your diet, trying new foods, modifying portion sizes, or following any nutrition recommendations, please consult your physician, registered dietitian, or other qualified healthcare provider. If you have diabetes, kidney disease, gastrointestinal conditions, food intolerances, or other chronic health concerns, discussing dietary changes with your healthcare team is especially important.