Gastroparesis is a condition in which the stomach muscles do not function properly and results in difficulty digesting food. Normally stomach muscles contract and push food into the small intestine for further digestion. In people with gastroparesis, food does not leave the stomach properly and this can cause a variety of symptoms.
Gastroparesis can be associated with diabetes and can also occur after surgery or a viral illness. Some medications may also have a side effect of altering the function of the stomach muscles and delaying gastric emptying of food. Some of these include medications for high blood pressure, weight loss, allergies and opioids/narcotics for pain relief and cannabis. Symptoms include abdominal pain and bloating, nausea and vomiting (especially undigested food) and feeling of feeling full after eating a small amount of food, and weight loss.
The treatment of gastroparesis consists of optimal control of diabetes and glucose levels, hydration and dietary modification, and if necessary, medications. Most patients can control symptoms by eating small, frequent meals that are low in fat and insoluble fiber. It is extremely important to work with a dietician to ensure a gastroparesis diet provides adequate nutrition. If symptoms persist, then medications are used to increase the rate of gastric emptying and to control nausea. In some patients, acupuncture has been beneficial in alleviating symptoms. In severe cases, gastric surgery and electrical stimulation of the gastric muscles can be performed.