People with lactose intolerance have difficulty digesting the sugar (lactose) found in milk and dairy products. The small intestine produces an enzyme (lactase) to digest lactose. If the levels of lactase are low then lactose cannot be digested. Symptoms of lactose intolerance begin 30 minutes to two hours after eating foods containing lactose.
Symptoms of lactose intolerance:
- Stomach cramps
- Gas and bloating
- Nausea and occasionally vomiting
- Diarrhea
There are three types of lactose intolerance. Primary lactose intolerance is the most common. Enzyme production of lactase is normal in early life, but decreases substantially during adult years. Secondary lactose intolerance occurs when the small intestine decreases lactase production due to damage in the intestine. Diseases that can cause secondary lactose intolerance include celiac and Crohn's disease, infections and bacterial overgrowth. The third type of lactose intolerance is a rare genetic disorder, and is due to the intestine not producing lactase at all.
Lactose intolerance can be diagnosed via several methods. Your healthcare team will determine if symptoms are compatible with lactose intolerance, and recommend a trial of limiting lactose in your diet. A breath test and blood test are available to check for lactose intolerance.
Lactose intolerance is treated by limiting dairy products. Many people with lactose intolerance can manage symptoms without having to avoid all dairy foods. Lactase enzyme supplements taken before eating lactose are available as well as lactose-reduced or lactose-free products. Probiotics may help some people with lactose intolerance. A nutritionist can recommend foods that are lactose free or have low levels of lactose and make sure you maintain adequate Vitamin D and calcium levels.