Lymphedema in Older Adults

Lymphedema is a condition that causes persistent swelling, usually in the arms or legs. It happens when the lymphatic system — which helps move fluid and fight infection — does not drain properly.

Lymphedema is common in older adults, especially those with chronic conditions, prior surgeries, cancer treatment, or circulation problems. With the right care, swelling can often be controlled and complications prevented.

What Is Lymphedema?

Lymphedema occurs when lymph fluid builds up in tissues, causing swelling that does not fully go away on its own.

It most commonly affects:

• Legs and feet
• Arms and hands
• Occasionally the trunk, face, or genital area

Lymphedema can develop slowly and may worsen over time if untreated.

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Why Older Adults Are at Higher Risk

You may be more likely to develop lymphedema if you:

• Are over age 60
• Have had surgery involving lymph nodes
• Received radiation therapy
• Have a history of cancer
• Have chronic venous insufficiency or circulation problems
• Are less mobile
• Have obesity or limited activity

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Recognizing Lymphedema Early

Early recognition is key to preventing progression.

Common Signs and Symptoms

☐ Swelling in one or both arms or legs
☐ Feeling of heaviness or tightness
☐ Skin feeling firm or hard
☐ Reduced flexibility or movement
☐ Clothing, shoes, or jewelry feeling tighter
☐ Indentations left after pressing on the skin
☐ Aching or discomfort

⚠️ Swelling that persists overnight or worsens over time should be evaluated.

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Swelling Control: What Helps

Compression Therapy

Compression helps move fluid out of swollen areas.

• Compression stockings, sleeves, or wraps
• Should fit properly — not too tight
• Worn as recommended by your provider

⚠️ Ill-fitting compression can cause harm. Always follow professional guidance.

Movement and Gentle Activity

Movement encourages lymph flow.

Helpful activities include:

• Walking
• Gentle stretching
• Range-of-motion exercises
• Light resistance exercises (if approved)

💡 Even small amounts of regular movement help reduce swelling. Ask your healthcare provider for specific movement/exercise guidance tailored to you. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new exercises.

Elevation

• Elevate swollen limbs above heart level when possible
• Avoid letting legs or arms hang down for long periods

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Skin Care: Preventing Infection and Injury

Skin care is one of the most important parts of lymphedema management.

Daily Skin Care Checklist

☐ Wash skin daily with mild soap
☐ Dry gently, especially between toes or fingers
☐ Apply moisturizer to prevent cracking
☐ Protect skin from cuts, burns, and insect bites
☐ Use sunscreen outdoors
☐ Wear gloves for gardening or chores
☐ Keep nails clean and trimmed

🚨 Even small skin breaks can lead to serious infection.

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Signs of Infection (Seek Care Promptly)

Call your healthcare provider immediately if you notice:

🚨 Redness spreading in the swollen area
🚨 Warmth, tenderness, or pain
🚨 Fever or chills
🚨 Sudden increase in swelling
🚨 Skin that looks shiny or tight
🚨 Open sores or drainage

These may be signs of cellulitis, which is a medical emergency in people with lymphedema.

Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.  

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Symptom & Swelling Tracking Checklist

Track changes to share with your provider:

☐ Location of swelling
☐ Time of day swelling is worse
☐ Skin changes or discomfort
☐ Any infections or wounds
☐ Difficulty moving the limb
☐ Impact on daily activities

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Lymphedema Management Action Plan

My Swelling & Skin Care Goals

• I will wear compression as directed
• I will move or exercise ___ days per week
• I will check my skin daily
• I will elevate my limb when resting
• I will contact my provider if swelling worsens

Write concerns or triggers here:

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When to Seek Medical Help

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:

🚨 New or worsening swelling
🚨 Pain or tightness limiting movement
🚨 Skin breakdown or sores
🚨 Signs of infection
🚨 Difficulty fitting compression garments
🚨 Swelling that interferes with walking or daily tasks

Seek urgent care for fever, rapidly spreading redness, or severe pain.

Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.  

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Key Takeaways

• Lymphedema causes ongoing swelling that needs regular care
• Early recognition helps prevent complications
• Compression, movement, and elevation help control swelling
• Skin care is essential to prevent infection
• Tracking symptoms supports better long-term management

With the right tools and support, many older adults with lymphedema maintain comfort, mobility, and independence.

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Medical Disclaimer

This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified healthcare professional. Lymphedema and chronic medical conditions affect individuals differently, and care plans should be personalized.

Always consult your physician, nurse practitioner, or other licensed healthcare provider regarding swelling, skin changes, compression use, or concerns related to lymphedema. Do not delay or avoid seeking medical care based on information in this resource.

If you experience fever, signs of infection, sudden worsening swelling, or severe pain, seek immediate medical attention or call 911.

Sources:

• https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8353-lymphedema