Why This Topic Matters More As We Age
As we get older, it’s not unusual to be prescribed several medications at once — for conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, or chronic pain. While these medications are essential, they can sometimes interact in ways that make them less effective or even harmful.
Medication interactions are especially common in people 60+ because:
- Many people in this age group take more than five medications at a time (a circumstance called polypharmacy).
- Different specialists may prescribe medications without always knowing about the others.
- Even vitamins, supplements, and over-the-counter remedies can contribute to interactions.
The good news is that with a few smart habits, you can lower your risk for unexpected medication interactions.
Understanding Polypharmacy
Many older adults take several medications at once — this is called polypharmacy. While these medicines are often necessary, taking multiple medications can increase the chance of side effects and drug interactions, especially when prescriptions come from more than one provider.
Why It Matters
- The more medications you take, the higher your risk of unintended interactions.
- Some medications may duplicate effects or make others weaker or stronger.
- Older bodies often process medications more slowly, which can increase side effects.
- Even over-the-counter medicines and supplements can cause unintended interactions.
What You Can Do
- Keep an updated list of everything you take (including vitamins and OTC products).
- Bring this list to every medical appointment.
- Ask your pharmacist or doctor to review your medications at least once a year.
- Don’t stop or change anything on your own — always consult your provider first.
Key takeaway: Polypharmacy doesn’t have to be dangerous — with good communication and regular medication reviews, you can take your medications safely and effectively.
What Exactly Are Medication Interactions?
A medication interaction happens when one drug affects how another works in your body. This can:
- Change how well a medication works (either too strong or too weak)
- Increase side effects such as dizziness, confusion, or low blood pressure
- Create new, unexpected symptoms
There are three main types of interactions:
- Drug–drug interactions – when two or more medications affect each other.
- Drug–food interactions – when what you eat or drink interferes with how medicine works (for example, grapefruit juice can affect certain heart medications).
- Drug–supplement interactions – when herbal remedies or vitamins affect prescription medications.
Why Interactions Can Be More Serious With Age
- Slower metabolism: As the body ages, it processes drugs more slowly, which can make interactions stronger or longer-lasting.
- Multiple prescribers: Specialists may not always have the full medication list.
- Changes in kidney or liver function can alter how drugs are cleared from your system.
- Increased sensitivity to side effects, such as confusion, dizziness, or low blood pressure.
How to Protect Yourself from Dangerous Interactions
1. Keep an Up-to-Date Medication List
Write down (or keep in your phone):
- All prescription medications
- Over-the-counter products
- Vitamins and supplements
- Dosages and times you take them
Bring this list to every appointment and share it with each provider.
2. Use One Pharmacy When Possible
Pharmacists have software that can catch many potential interactions automatically. If all your prescriptions go through the same pharmacy, it’s easier to flag a problem before it happens.
3. Ask Questions — Every Time
Never hesitate to ask:
- “Does this interact with anything I’m already taking?”
- “Are there foods or drinks I should avoid?”
- “What side effects should I watch for?”
A five-minute conversation can prevent a trip to the emergency room. Also, always make sure to ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.
4. Be Cautious with Supplements and OTC Medications
“Natural” doesn’t always mean “safe.” Some herbal remedies and vitamins have powerful effects. Always tell your provider or pharmacist what you’re taking, even if it seems minor.
5. Watch for Warning Signs
Be alert to new symptoms that start after adding a new medication:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Unusual fatigue
- Confusion or memory issues
- Swelling, rashes, or shortness of breath
- Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.
If anything seems “off,” call your healthcare provider.
6. Schedule Regular Medication Reviews
Ask your provider once or twice a year to review your full list and remove anything unnecessary. This is especially helpful if:
- You’ve been on medications for a long time
- You’ve seen multiple specialists
- Your health status has changed
Key Takeaways
- Medication interactions are common but can be preventable.
- The more medications you take, the more important it is to stay organized and communicate clearly with your healthcare team.
- Your pharmacist is a powerful ally — don’t underestimate the value of a quick question.
- If new symptoms appear after starting something new, speak up immediately.
Tips:
✅ Keep a printed or digital list of everything you take.
✅ Use one pharmacy whenever possible.
✅ Ask your pharmacist about interactions before starting new meds.
✅ Be alert to unusual symptoms.
✅ Schedule yearly medication checkups.