Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become weak and more likely to break. Many older adults don’t realize they have osteoporosis until a fall or minor injury leads to a fracture. The good news is that early screening and everyday habits can help protect your bones and reduce fall risk.

What Is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis means “porous bones.” As we age, bones can lose strength faster than the body can rebuild them. This makes bones more fragile—especially in the hips, spine, and wrists.

Osteoporosis often has no symptoms at first, which is why screening and prevention are so important.

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Why Older Adults Are at Higher Risk

You may be at increased risk if you:

• Are over age 65
• Have had a previous fracture
• Have a family history of osteoporosis
• Take certain medications (such as steroids)
• Have low body weight or poor nutrition
• Have chronic conditions affecting absorption or hormones

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Screening: How Osteoporosis Is Diagnosed

Bone Density Testing (DEXA Scan)

A DEXA scan is a simple, painless test that measures bone strength.

You may need screening if you:

• Are a woman age 65 or older
• Are a man age 70 or older
• Have had a fracture after age 50
• Take long-term steroid medications

💡 Ask your provider: “Do I need a bone density test?”

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Bone Health Strategies Beyond Exercise

Exercise helps bones — but it’s only one part of the picture.

Nutrition for Strong Bones

• Calcium: From dairy, fortified foods, leafy greens
• Vitamin D: Helps the body absorb calcium (sunlight, foods, supplements if needed)
• Protein: Supports bone structure and muscle strength
• Balanced meals: Undernutrition can weaken bones

Medication Review

Some medications may increase fracture risk or dizziness. Ask your provider to review your medication list and determine if you need to consider any additional screening or preventive measures for osteoporosis.

Lifestyle Habits That Matter

• Avoid smoking
• Limit alcohol intake
• Maintain a healthy body weight
• Treat vision or hearing problems that affect balance

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Fall Risk Reduction: Protecting Your Bones Every Day

Falls are the leading cause of fractures in older adults with osteoporosis.

Home Safety Checklist

☐ Remove loose rugs or clutter
☐ Use night lights in hallways and bathrooms
☐ Install grab bars in the bathroom
☐ Keep frequently used items within reach
☐ Wear supportive, non-slip shoes indoors

Health-Related Fall Prevention

• Have vision checked yearly
• Work with your healthcare provider to manage low blood pressure or dizziness
• Use assistive devices if recommended
• Rise slowly from sitting or lying down

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Possible Warning Signs of Osteoporosis

Although osteoporosis is often silent, watch for:

⚠️ Loss of height
⚠️ Stooped or hunched posture
⚠️ Back pain without injury
⚠️ Fractures from minor falls
⚠️ Bone pain or tenderness

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When to Seek Medical Help

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:

🚨 A fall, even if you feel “okay”
🚨 Sudden back or hip pain
🚨 A fracture from a low-impact injury
🚨 Increasing balance problems
🚨 Side effects from osteoporosis medications

Emergency care is needed if you cannot stand, walk, or have severe pain after a fall.

Always ask your healthcare provider for specific advice on when to call to report symptoms, and when to seek urgent/emergency care.  

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Osteoporosis Action Plan: My Bone Health Goals

Use this worksheet to guide your care:

My Bone Health Goals

• I will ask about bone density screening by: __________
• I will aim for calcium-rich foods ___ times per day
• I will take vitamin D as recommended: Yes ☐ No ☐
• I will review fall risks in my home by: __________
• I will report any falls or new pain to my provider

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Key Takeaways

• Osteoporosis often has no early symptoms
• Screening helps catch bone loss before fractures occur
• Bone health depends on nutrition, medications, and fall prevention
• Preventing falls is just as important as strengthening bones
• Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any significant dietary changes or starting any new supplements

Protecting your bones helps protect your independence, mobility, and quality of life.

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Medical Disclaimer

This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from your healthcare provider. Always talk with your doctor, nurse practitioner, or other qualified healthcare professional about any questions or concerns you have regarding your health, medications, or bone health.

Do not ignore or delay seeking medical care because of information you read here. If you notice new symptoms, worsening pain, or changes in your health, contact your healthcare provider promptly.

If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or seek emergency medical care immediately.